3 Essential Moves When Filing Your Property Insurance Claim

The Internet is full of cookie-cutter guides on “how to file your property insurance claim,” including our own Ultimate Guide to a Property Insurance Claim here at Brelly. While these resources offer some value, they often miss the mark by providing vague advice.

Worse, they usually start you off on the wrong foot by merely saying, “Call your insurance company to report your claim.”

The truth is that the initial step of contacting your insurer is more urgent and nuanced than that. It involves more than a simple call to your insurance agent or a 1-800 number. There are 3 actions you should take immediately to keep your property insurance claim moving and build the record you’ll need later.

First, a boundary worth drawing: this article picks up at the moment you decide to file. If you’re still in the first hours after the damage itself — emergency repairs, stopping further damage, preserving evidence — start with our guide to the 5 things to do after a property loss, then come back here.

This guide walks you through these 3 must-do actions:

1. Yes, reach out to your insurer, but don’t stop at obtaining a claim number;
2. Follow up with an immediate written notice to confirm and position your claim;
3. Calendar the next action for you…and the insurance company.

By adhering to this approach, your claim won’t just be another number; it will rise to the top of your insurance company’s priority list. This is the difference between finishing a phone call and starting a paper trail you control. Let’s dive in.

Step 1: Notify the Insurer and Secure Your Claim Number

All the “How To” guides agree: Claims start by informing the insurance company you had a loss. Insurance professionals call this first report the “First Notice of Loss,” or FNOL — you can read the deeper treatment of that term in our First Notice of Loss guide — but in plain language, you’re notifying the insurer, and that’s how this guide will say it.

This section will go through key nuances, including:

• When you should/must do it
• How to notify your insurance company
• What you want to say and come away with

When You Should & Must Report Your Loss

You should consider two things when faced with a property loss: when should you file your property insurance claim, and when must you file your claim?

The answers to each of these questions are different.

Here are the short answers:

• Should: You should notify the insurer right away;
• Must: You likely must notify them “promptly,” and different states interpret this differently.

On the question of when you “should” contact your insurer, many How To guides suggest spending time first evaluating the claim and your deductible.

For example, in the National Association of Insurance Commission’s post “What You Need To Know When Filing A Homeowners Claim,” they suggest: “Before reporting the property damage to your home, find out what your deductible is. If the damage is minor, you might decide you’re better off paying for the repairs out of pocket.”

Bank Rate’s article, “When To File A Property Insurance Claim,” goes even further, suggesting a variety of factors “to consider…to determine if filing a claim is the best course for you in the long run.” And there are many posts out there to help you consider the “pros and cons.”

Certainly, you shouldn’t bother filing an insurance claim if the damage is obviously too minimal. However, “obviously” is the key word here.

Reporting your loss and getting a claim number isn’t going to hurt you in any way because you can always decide to discontinue the claim. On the other hand, every moment you delay notifying the insurance company is damaging to you. The first type of damage is the added delay in ultimately getting payment. The second type of damage is that you could completely lose your right to make a claim!

And this gets us to the “when must you notify the insurer?”

The answer to this question is not perfectly clear, and it comes down to a mash-up of 3 factors:

A major complication here is the stress between Insurance Policy requirements and State Laws.

Every insurance policy has a “Duties After Loss” section. Some policies set a specific time period to make a claim, but the standard forms don’t: the widely used ISO homeowners form’s exact words are that you must “give prompt notice to us or our agent” — a prompt duty, with no day count attached. (That’s the wording of one widely used edition; many carriers use their own forms, so your policy’s exact language controls.)

Some states, like Texas, rely exclusively on the insurance policy terms. Texas has not passed any laws setting strict deadlines or windows to file an insurance claim. The deadline in Texas, therefore, is determined by the provisions in your policy. Your policy provisions probably require notice “promptly” after a loss — and don’t misread “no statutory deadline” as “no deadline.” The policy language is the deadline.

Other states have stepped in to create explicit deadlines.

For example, Florida policyholders have 1 year from the date of loss to notify the insurer (18 months for a supplemental claim) — with one qualifier that matters: those windows apply to policies issued or renewed on or after December 16, 2022, so a policy last issued or renewed before that date may still be on the older, longer track. Even inside the 1-year window, insurance companies still have room to argue that policy provisions requiring “prompt” notice may rule the day.

Louisiana shows a third pattern: during declared disasters and emergencies, Louisiana statutes step in and move the claim’s deadlines by law — the clocks governing the insurer’s response, for example, stretch from 14 to 30 days for declared catastrophes. If a declared disaster is part of your loss, check the Louisiana rules before assuming any deadline in your policy is the final word.

As you can see, this can become very complicated.

Think about how this can become a problem…

Let’s say you’re painting the exterior of your building and notice a crack. You think it’s nothing, or maybe a little settlement. You paint over it. One year goes by, and you start to notice a lot more cracks in the driveway; you read news about sinkholes in the area, and suddenly, you think you might have a sinkhole issue. So, you notify your insurance company. But your insurance company argues you should have notified them a year earlier when you saw that first crack.

Seems shocking?

That’s exactly what happened in a case published in January 2023, in Cordero v. Florida Insurance Guaranty Association, Inc. (Fla. 2d DCA, Jan. 27, 2023).

As Michael Cassel explains in “Analysis of New Case Law Re: Mitigating Factors in the Late Notice,” the generally accepted definition of prompt notice is notice given as soon as practicable — within a reasonable time in view of all the facts and circumstances of each case. Cassel also notes that Florida courts have routinely held that not knowing a claim would exceed the policy deductible is an insufficient excuse for failing that duty.

What the appeals court actually decided in Cordero is narrower — and more instructive — than a win for either side. The court reversed a summary judgment the insurer had won, holding that whether notice was timely is ordinarily a question of fact for a jury. Merely observing two cracks of unspecified nature was not, as a matter of law, an event significant enough to start the notice clock, particularly where the policy excluded cracking from ordinary settling. The court did not rule that the policyholder wins, or that believing damage is a maintenance issue buys you more time — it ruled that the insurer couldn’t shut the question down without a trial. After all, in Florida and elsewhere, to deny a claim for late notice usually requires proof that the insurer was or was not “prejudiced” by the failure.

Time will tell whether Cordero can succeed in their insurance claim — and that’s exactly the point. Whether your notice was on time is a question a jury may end up deciding against your specific facts, and you never want to be the test case. This case illustrates the absolute importance of notifying the carrier as soon as possible when you might file a property insurance claim.

Nevertheless, unless it’s obvious that you should not file a property insurance claim, you should put the insurer on notice.

It’s easy to do.

How to Notify the Insurance Company

The good news is that it’s extremely easy and low-risk to notify your insurance company of a loss. Remember, this is not the time to present a perfectly documented claim. You’re simply looking to give notice. High-level, low-detailed notice.

Insurance companies and insurance agents provide quite a few avenues to give this notice. There are so many avenues; in fact, it can be a little confusing and overwhelming. Do it online, through a mobile app, by calling the agent, or by calling the insurance company, etc. There are a lot of choices here.

To give notice and file your property insurance claim, you only need to complete 1 of the following notice methods, and you can complete any one you wish.

Here are some of the most popular insurance companies and where you can file your property insurance claim:

Further, it’s becoming extremely common to get property insurance from a state’s “Insurer of Last Resort.” Here is where to make a claim for each of these companies.

Now, that’s how you contact the insurance company to notify them.

The next section – what to tell them – is important.

What You Want to Say and Come Away With

It’s important to promptly notify your insurance company when you think you may have a loss. There will be a lot of time to explain details and present your point of view about causes, scope, and damages. This is not the time. Your entire goal is to give bare notice and to get a claim number.

That’s it. As such, you should keep your communications here very pithy.

And in the spirit of pithiness, this section can keep it simple. When notifying your insurer about a loss, you want to:

1. Communicate that you experienced a loss and would like to make a claim;
2. Qualify everything you report as preliminary — you’re reporting quickly to meet the policy’s notice duty, and you expect the insurer to meet its own duty to investigate;
3. Get a claim number — or, if one isn’t assigned on the spot, save whatever reference or acknowledgment the insurer gives you and pin down when the number will issue;
4. Make note of who you spoke with, the date and time, and what was discussed.

One more thing about this moment: if a contractor is already on-site and asks you to sign an “assignment of benefits” (AOB) — a formal assignment of your legal right to insurance payments for their scope of work — know that you aren’t obligated to sign one just to get help, and many contractors will work with you and your insurer without one. Before signing anything, read our guide to assignments of benefits.

Step 2: Seize Control with Written Follow-Up

Do not just notify your insurance company of the claim and then sit back and wait for the next step. Policyholders should be extremely proactive here. The immediate next step is to follow up on your claim notice in writing, as this will cause the insurer to prioritize your claim and will best position your claim to be paid fully, fairly, and fast.

Why Generic Online Advice Falls Short

The run-of-the-mill guides often recommend just “notifying the insurance company,” an approach even endorsed by consumer-friendly Insurance Commissions (see Texas and Indiana examples).

Here’s why it’s bad advice to only notify the insurance company through their published methods:

1. You’ll later have to fumble through your notes to prove the exact time of your notice, exactly what was communicated, and more. The insurance company will make a formal business record. You won’t. It’s not the same. Advantage = Insurance Company.
2. You’re relying on the person on the other end of the call or email to get things right. Again, they’ll create a business record, and again, Advantage = Insurance Company.
3. For online portals, you are letting the insurance company set the parameters of what the story is in your original submission. They’re collecting certain information about the claim and creating a record, and once more the advantage runs to the insurance company.

Notice a trend?

This isn’t to suggest that insurance companies are deliberately misleading. Nevertheless, the fact remains that policyholders rarely make claims, and insurance companies are extremely experienced and efficient at claims. They tailor every step to improve their costs and economics.

Accordingly, after a loss, it’s bad advice to just submit your notice and wait for the next steps. Instead, you should take a proactive approach, and you should start to create your own record.

Prepare & Formally Send Your Written Notice of Loss

Before the letter itself, one vocabulary distinction worth getting right: this written follow-up is your Notice of Loss, and it is extremely different from your Proof of Loss. They are separate duties with separate triggers. Under the widely used ISO homeowners form, the duty — “prompt notice to us or our agent” — is owed right after the loss itself, while a proof of loss is a distinct, signed and sworn document owed within 60 days after the insurer requests it — one clock starts with the loss, the other starts with their request. (Again, that’s one widely used edition’s wording; your own form controls.) The Proof of Loss will come later, after you’ve developed your claim documentation a bit more — learn more in our Ultimate Guide to the Proof of Loss.

Now, the letter. UnitedPolicyholders puts the principle well in Speak Up: How to Communicate With Your Insurance Company, where the #1 takeaway is to be proactive and create a paper trail. Here are some specific suggestions from their guidance:

• “Confirm representations and promises made in person or over the phone by insurance company personnel by sending them a short follow-up e-mail or letter.”
• Respond promptly to the insurer’s letters and requests — and when a request is unreasonable, “say so, in writing.”
• “Give your insurer proof of your losses and ask for the dollar amounts you are entitled to.” Don’t wait for them to tell you how much they owe you.

This is the right advice. And it starts immediately.

Yes, notify the insurer through their channels (Step 1 above). But then, start to create your record immediately.

UnitedPolicyholders aren’t the only group with this recommendation. There is wide agreement amongst professionals that you should formally communicate with insurers. Consider the law firm Edwards Sutarwalla who recommends you “get everything in writing.”

Here is exactly what you want to do to formally send a Notice of Loss to the insurance company:

To get this right, it’s important to keep your delivery records organized and to cite the right statutes and duties for the insurer. If you do this right, the insurance company will act promptly on your claim, and if they don’t, you’ll be in a superb position to claim penalties against them and negotiate a great settlement.

You can download a free Notice of Loss Template from Brelly here.

And consider using Brelly’s communication tools to generate, send, track, and follow up on your Notice of Loss.

Keep in mind that all your communications become part of the official claim record and could be used against you. Be meticulous. Start with reliable templates, consult seasoned professionals, or use a specialized communication platform like Brelly.

Step 3: Calendar Your Next Moves

In Step 1, you met your duty and notified the insurer of your loss. In Step 2, you formally confirmed it in writing and “put the insurer” on the clock by reminding them of legal obligations, duties, and timelines. Now, you want to calendar these next actions to act quickly in accordance with the claim timelines.

What are the next moves exactly?

The Insurance Company’s Duties to You & Timelines

Your insurance company is legally bound to assign an adjuster promptly and commence the investigation. State laws frequently dictate the time frames for these actions, as well as for providing you with an initial assessment report.

Here is a short survey of a few state deadlines:

After sending your Notice of Loss, the insurance company is on the clock.

You should know what the timeline is, and the insurance company should know that you know!

Further, you want to have these dates calendared to make sure the claim moves along swiftly. Research your state’s date, put it in your calendar, and consider using tools like Brelly to manage this for you or the policyholders you represent.

Navigating Policyholder’s Timelines

As a policyholder, you generally have a broad window for action once you provide the Notice of Loss. One vital deadline to keep in mind is the “statute of limitations” — the deadline for filing a lawsuit against the insurance company if the claim goes wrong. How long that window runs varies by state, and by how the lawsuit is framed, so don’t rely on a rule of thumb: look up your state’s period and calendar your own deadline early. As claims can consume considerable time and attention, don’t let this date slip through the cracks.

For the most part, however, the policyholder’s role is to hold the insurance company accountable to their own deadlines. This involves continuous monitoring, sending written reminders, and confirmations to keep the ball rolling. You can do this, or you can enlist help from professionals like public adjusters, attorneys, and maybe even some restoration contractors.

In parallel, gather all necessary documentation, reports, and estimates to solidify your perspective on the claim. The sooner you assemble this information, the quicker you can submit a “Proof of Loss,” which once again sets the insurer’s clock ticking.

In summary, maintaining a deadline-driven approach pressures the insurance company to prioritize your claim, speeding up the settlement process and ensuring fair treatment.

Conclusion: Take Control, Be Informed, Stay Engaged

The claim number is necessary, but it’s only the beginning. Confirm the notice in writing so the record of what happened and when isn’t only in the insurer’s file — it’s in yours too. Then calendar the clocks that notice started, so you know when the insurer owes you its next move.

That’s the real difference between this approach and “call your insurance company.” Stop at the phone call, and the insurer holds the only formal record of your claim. Take all three moves, and you hold one too — a paper trail and a calendar the insurer has to answer to.

If you bring in professionals — a public adjuster, an attorney, a restoration contractor — hold them to the same standard you’ve just set for yourself: work in writing, track the deadlines, and keep the claim record where you can use it.